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What are digital product passes?

A digital product passport (also called DPP) is a set of sustainability data associated with physical products. It can be built through GS1 standards, among others, and allows you to verify, manage and make the sustainability of your product visible in practice.

The purpose of the digital product passport is to enable and highlight circular products and business models and to promote more sustainable consumption.

This allows each product to be uniquely identified and digitally linked to one or more data sources with information about the individual product.

Understand digital product passes
in two minutes

Digital product passports help us repair, reuse and recycle our products, making better use of our raw materials and protecting the environment.

Discover how GS1 standards help you implement digital product passports.

Digital product passports in practice

Digital product passports outline circular products and business models. The product passport thus assigns a unique identity to the product, which is linked to one or more data sources.

It gives businesses and consumers easy access to product information such as durability, origin, warranty, recycling and instructions for assembly or repairs directly from the supplier, or other data sources chosen by the supplier.

The new EU legislation

Europe is at the beginning of its transformation to a more circular economy and aims to become the world's most sustainable region. Digital product passports are included in a new EU legislative framework - the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), as part of the EU Green Deal, with the aim of fulfilling Europe's commitment to the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

The proposal covers virtually all physical products on the European market in all product areas with the exception of food, animal feed and medical products, where other legislation with similar requirements applies. The law was voted through in April 2024 and journalized in July of the same year, after which the rules will be rolled out gradually until 2030.

Digital product passports for car batteries

Digital product passports have already been introduced for automotive and industrial batteries. Watch the short video for a concrete example of how it works in practice.

Benefits of digital product passes

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Contributing to sustainability

Consumers receive product data via their smartphone to support their sustainable choices.


Increased traceability

Unique identities and standardized data make it visible that all parties in the value chain meet sustainability requirements.


More transparency

Open sustainability data provides greater international visibility for businesses and consumers through the supply chain.

Consumer and product safety

Reliable and verified data protects products, consumers and patients and ensures that everyone gets the same information.

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Efficient logistics flow

Buyers and producing companies avoid unnecessary manual administration and handling of data.

Law enforcement

Standardized information ensures that companies comply with laws, regulations and industry requirements.

Digital product passports and GS1

GS1 standards enable digital product passports to work in practice. Especially standards for identification, labeling and sharing. Including 2D barcodes and GS1 Digital Link are particularly relevant for digital product passports.

This means that GS1 standards provide online access and product information from the same barcode can be scanned by consumers with mobile phones, at the point of sale and by all parties in the supply chain.

GS1 Denmark has a driving role in enabling solutions for digital product passports. We are active in the global standardization work at GS1 to further future-proof the GS1 standards as the foundation of circular value chains.

DPP projects

Here is an overview of projects and cooperation at national and European level.

Learn more about digital product passports

Read more about the new EU regulation, Deloitte's report on the necessity of global standards in a regional circular transition and see the latest releases from GS1 in Europe - GS1's umbrella organization for the entire European region.

News from GS1

Read updates and news from home and abroad related to GS1.

Questions and answers

Below you can find some of the questions and answers we have already received. Maybe it's something you're looking for too.

Should the product passport be on the product or the packaging?

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The product identity (encoded for example in a QR code with GS1 standards) should be on the product itself or in documentation that comes with the product. Usually, the same code is also likely to be on the packaging to facilitate the purchase decision (access to pre-purchase information) and to be used in-store without having to open the packaging.

Does the law apply to all products?

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The law will apply to all products sold on the EU market, with the exception of food, animal feed and medical products.

What applies to food packaging?

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The EU is not currently planning specific product passports for packaging under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), but this may change.

How can different stakeholders access the product passport later when the packaging is no longer available?

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According to the ESPR, the idea is that the identifier should be attached directly to the product with a technique that ensures it remains readable throughout the lifetime of the product.

Does the law only apply in the EU or also outside, i.e. for products produced outside the EU?

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The law applies to all products sold in the EU, regardless of where they are produced.

Do the unique identities apply to product categories or individual items?

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It depends on the product category. Products that need to be handled throughout their lifecycle often need to be identified individually, while for consumer goods, identification at the product or batch level is sufficient.

When can product passports be issued for other products such as paints, beeswax, chemicals and detergents?

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The EU has not yet announced a timetable for the different product categories that will be regulated under ESPR. For certain products, such as building materials (which can include paint), there are currently other regulations with similar requirements for reporting certain sustainability data.

Do the product passports contain rules/standards for property definitions? How do you ensure unambiguous communication of properties without hindering automation?

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Part of the ongoing work to develop the detailed product-specific rules will be to select existing or define and standardize new terminologies/taxonomies for the properties to be included in the product passports.

When will standardization around product passports be completed?

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Standardization takes time as many stakeholders need to be involved and the goal is to ensure standardized solutions that are not tied to individual industries. The final standardization work is carried out by the CEN/CENELECJTC-24 working group, on behalf of the European Commission, and is expected to be completed by the end of 2025.

To read more about the work of JTC-24, the group's work program can be found here.

In parallel, GS1 is working through our own GSMP processes to ensure that GS1 standards meet the needs of our members in the circular transition - with a special focus on product passports. This work follows CEN & CENELEC and will also be completed by the end of 2025.

Curious to know more about digital product passes?

Contact our digital product passport specialist if you have any questions and/or require further information.

Mads Kibsgaard
Senior Standards & Sustainability Specialist
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+45 39 16 90 08